PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE CRUD EXTRACT FROM THE STEM BARK, LEAVES AND ROOT BARK OF THE CANARIUM MADAGASCARIENSIS (BURCERACEAE) ORIGINATED IN THE SOUTHEASTERN OF MADAGASCAR

Ralaivaon-dratsitonta Jumael Edith Fabrice*, Andrianarijaona Mamy, Tiandreny Hazara Jipaty, Fienena Raymond François, Fiatoa Barthelemy, Ratsirisija Armand Colin and Fatiany Pierre Ruphin

The present study centered on the evaluation of the biological activity and the identification of the chemical family present in the plant known by the vernacular name "Ramy” or “Emboka," the Malagasy name, and scientifically called Canarium madagascariensis (Burseraceae). This plant is endemic to the southeastern region of Madagascar and is well known in this region for its therapeutic properties in traditional medicine. This study constitutes a component of the research program of the Doctoral School in Geosciences, Physics, Environmental Chemistry, and Host-Pathogen Systems (GPCEHP) at the University of Toliara. The primary objective of this study is to verify the ethnobotanical data of the plant in question based on traditional uses, using available scientific methods based on biological tests, and to detect the chemical families of the compounds present in this plant. The present study aims to establish a foundation for future research endeavors that will focus on the identification, isolation, and determination of the chemical structures of the active ingredients responsible for these biological effects. The results of phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various chemical families of secondary metabolites, including tannins, polyphenols, saponins, steroids, and terpenoids. In vitro biological tests carried out on extracts from this plant revealed that it has antioxidant effects and antibacterial properties. The presence of phenolic compounds and terpenoids in this plant is indicative of its biological activity, as these two chemical families are well-documented to exhibit such properties. A comprehensive review of the extant phytochemical and biological screening studies of extracts from Canarium madagascariensis (Burseraceae) reveals the scientific validation of the traditional uses of this plant.