PHARMACOGNOSTICAL, PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF FILICIUM DECIPIENS LEAF

Yogesha J. S.*, Pavithra T., Dr. T. Tamizh Mani, Dr. Shiju L.

Background: Filicium decipiens is a medicinally important plant traditionally used for various therapeutic purposes; however, standardized quality control parameters for its leaves are limited. Objectives: This study aimed to establish comprehensive Pharmacognostical, phytochemical and physicochemical standards for the authentication and quality evaluation of F. decipiens leaves. Methods: Macroscopic and microscopic evaluations, including transverse section analysis and powder microscopy, were performed using standard procedures. Quantitative microscopy parameters such as Stomatal number, Stomatal index, vein islet and terminates number were determined. Physicochemical constants, including loss on drying, ash values, extractive values, foaming index, fluorescent analysis, were evaluated. Preliminary phytochemical screening and chlorophyll content estimation were also conducted. Results: The leaves exhibited characteristic morphological features such as compound imparipinnate arrangement with lanceolate leaflets. Microscopic analysis revealed a single layered epidermis, well-developed collenchyma, collateral vascular bundles, anomocytic stomata, and calcium oxalate crystal. Powder microscopy showed spiral vessels, fibers, and crystalline inclusions. Quantitative microscopy provided reliable identification markers. Physicochemical analysis indicated higher alcohol soluble extractive value (24%) compared to water soluble extractive value (13.6%). The foaming index greater than 1000, indicating significant Saponin content. Fluorescence analysis showed distinct color variations under UV light. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Conclusion: The study establishes essential Pharmacognostical and physicochemical standards for F. decipiens leaves, supporting their identification, authentication and potential use in herbal drug development.